[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":306},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guides-en":3},[4,73,125,180,223,265],{"slug":5,"updated":6,"minutes":7,"title":8,"description":9,"body":10},"how-to-write-a-cv","2026-10-02",7,"How to write a CV: a step-by-step guide with examples","What to put in each section of your CV, how to describe experience with achievements, and the local norms employers in Uzbekistan expect.",[11,14,17,19,26,28,30,35,37,39,41,48,50,52,54,56,58,64,66],{"type":12,"text":13},"p","An employer spends less than a minute on the first look at a CV. In that time they want to understand three things: who you are, what you have done and why you fit this job. A good CV answers all three without making the reader search. This guide walks through every section in the order recruiters read them.",{"type":15,"text":16},"h2","1. Contact details and photo",{"type":12,"text":18},"Put your full name at the top, then your job title and contacts: phone, email, city and, if you use it for work, Telegram or LinkedIn.",{"type":20,"items":21},"ul",[22,23,24,25],"Write your phone in the international format: +998 90 123 45 67.","Use a neutral email based on your name — hasan.yusupov@gmail.com, not a nickname.","A city is enough; you don't need your full home address.","In Uzbekistan a photo is common and often expected. Choose a recent, well-lit portrait on a plain background, dressed as you would be for the interview.",{"type":15,"text":27},"2. Job title and summary",{"type":12,"text":29},"Under your name, write the role you are applying for — “Accountant”, “Frontend developer”, “Sales manager”. Then add 2–3 sentences about yourself: your experience, your strongest skills and what you want to do next.",{"type":31,"title":32,"items":33},"example","Example summary",[34],"Accountant with 5 years of experience in bookkeeping, tax reporting and payroll. Fluent in 1C and Excel, used to deadlines and audits. Looking for a chief accountant role in a growing company.",{"type":15,"text":36},"3. Work experience",{"type":12,"text":38},"List jobs in reverse chronological order — the latest first. For each one give the position, company, city and dates (month and year). Below, add 3–5 bullets.",{"type":12,"text":40},"The most common mistake is listing duties instead of results. “Worked with clients” says nothing; “Served 60+ clients a day and kept satisfaction at 95%” shows what you achieved. Use action verbs and numbers wherever you can.",{"type":31,"title":42,"items":43},"Duties → achievements",[44,45,46,47],"Weak: Responsible for sales.","Strong: Exceeded the monthly sales plan by 18% on average and grew the client base from 40 to 95 accounts.","Weak: Did reports.","Strong: Automated monthly reports in Excel, saving 10 hours of work each month.",{"type":15,"text":49},"4. Education",{"type":12,"text":51},"Give the institution, degree or field and the years of study. If you graduated recently, education can go above experience and include your GPA, thesis topic or olympiad results. With several years of experience, keep it short.",{"type":15,"text":53},"5. Skills and languages",{"type":12,"text":55},"Choose 6–10 skills that matter for the job: programs (1C, Excel, AutoCAD), methods (Scrum, SMM) and a few personal qualities. For languages, state the level honestly — using the CEFR scale (A1–C2) is clearer than “good” or “fluent”. Uzbek, Russian and English are all worth listing.",{"type":15,"text":57},"6. Length and format",{"type":20,"items":59},[60,61,62,63],"One page is ideal for up to 5 years of experience; two pages are fine for longer careers.","Send the CV as a PDF so the layout looks the same on every phone and computer.","Name the file clearly: Hasan_Yusupov_CV.pdf.","Adapt the summary and the top bullets to each vacancy — it takes five minutes and noticeably raises your chances.",{"type":15,"text":65},"Checklist before you send",{"type":20,"items":67},[68,69,70,71,72],"Your phone and email are correct and work.","Every job has dates, and the newest is first.","Bullets start with verbs and include numbers.","There are no spelling mistakes — read the CV aloud or ask a friend.","The file is a PDF with your name in the title.",{"slug":74,"updated":6,"minutes":75,"title":76,"description":77,"body":78},"cv-without-experience",6,"CV with no work experience: what to write as a student or graduate","How to fill a CV when you have never had a job: education, internships, projects, volunteering, skills — with a ready summary example.",[79,81,83,85,87,89,96,98,104,106,108,111,113,115,117,123],{"type":12,"text":80},"Everyone starts without experience, and employers who hire students and graduates know it. They are not looking for a long career — they want to see that you are motivated, can learn quickly and have already done something useful. Your task is to show exactly that.",{"type":15,"text":82},"Put education first",{"type":12,"text":84},"When there is no job history, education becomes your main section. Write the university, faculty, field and expected graduation year. Add what makes you stand out: a high GPA, a scholarship, olympiad prizes, a strong thesis or relevant courses.",{"type":15,"text":86},"What counts as experience",{"type":12,"text":88},"Experience is not only a full-time job. All of these belong in your CV:",{"type":20,"items":90},[91,92,93,94,95],"Internships and practice — even a short one at a bank, a school or an IT company.","Part-time and seasonal work: a waiter, a call-centre operator, a tutor.","Study and personal projects: a website, a research paper, a business plan, a mobile app.","Volunteering and student organisations: organising events, clubs, charity work.","Competitions, hackathons and olympiads.",{"type":12,"text":97},"Describe each item like a job: what you did and what came out of it.",{"type":31,"title":99,"items":100},"Example bullets",[101,102,103],"Completed a 2-month internship in the credit department of a bank and helped prepare 30+ client applications.","Built a website for a student club with a team of three; 500 students used it in the first month.","Organised a career fair for 300 students as a volunteer of the student council.",{"type":15,"text":105},"A summary that works",{"type":12,"text":107},"Without experience, the summary is your chance to explain what you want and why you will be useful. Keep it to 2–3 honest sentences.",{"type":31,"title":32,"items":109},[110],"Fourth-year economics student at Tashkent State University of Economics. I completed an internship in a bank's credit department, work confidently in Excel and 1C, and speak Uzbek, Russian and English (B2). Looking for a junior analyst or accountant role.",{"type":15,"text":112},"Skills and languages",{"type":12,"text":114},"List the programs you actually use (Excel, PowerPoint, Canva, Python), the languages you speak with their levels, and 2–3 personal qualities that you can prove with an example in the interview. Avoid long lists of clichés like “hardworking, sociable, stress-resistant”.",{"type":15,"text":116},"Common mistakes",{"type":20,"items":118},[119,120,121,122],"Leaving the CV almost empty — projects and volunteering are real experience.","Writing school details when you already study at a university.","Copying the same CV to every vacancy without adapting the summary.","Using a childish email address or a casual selfie as the photo.",{"type":12,"text":124},"A one-page CV is enough. When you get your first job, move experience to the top and shorten the education section.",{"slug":126,"updated":6,"minutes":127,"title":128,"description":129,"body":130},"cv-mistakes",5,"10 CV mistakes that cost you interviews (and how to fix them)","The most common CV mistakes recruiters see every day — from typos and missing dates to vague duties — and simple ways to avoid them.",[131,133,135,137,139,141,143,145,147,149,151,153,155,157,159,161,163,165,167,169,171,173,175],{"type":12,"text":132},"Recruiters read dozens of CVs a day, and small mistakes are often the reason a strong candidate is never called. Here are the ten most common ones and how to fix each.",{"type":15,"text":134},"1. Spelling and grammar mistakes",{"type":12,"text":136},"Typos look careless, especially for roles that need attention to detail. Read the CV aloud, check it with a spell checker and ask someone else to read it.",{"type":15,"text":138},"2. An unprofessional email or a wrong phone number",{"type":12,"text":140},"Create a simple email from your name and double-check every digit of your phone. A recruiter will not search for another way to reach you.",{"type":15,"text":142},"3. Duties instead of achievements",{"type":12,"text":144},"“Responsible for the warehouse” tells little. “Reduced stock discrepancies from 4% to 0.5%” shows your value. Add numbers: money, percentages, people, time.",{"type":15,"text":146},"4. Missing or unclear dates",{"type":12,"text":148},"Give a month and year for each job and education. Gaps without dates make recruiters suspicious; a short explanation (study, family, relocation) is better than nothing.",{"type":15,"text":150},"5. Too long or too dense",{"type":12,"text":152},"One or two pages is enough. Remove old and irrelevant jobs, keep 3–5 bullets per role and leave white space so the CV is easy to scan.",{"type":15,"text":154},"6. One CV for every vacancy",{"type":12,"text":156},"Adapt the title, summary and top bullets to each job. Use words from the vacancy — many companies filter CVs with ATS systems that look for them.",{"type":15,"text":158},"7. Inconsistent formatting",{"type":12,"text":160},"Different fonts, sizes and date formats make a CV look messy. A ready template keeps everything consistent automatically.",{"type":15,"text":162},"8. A poor photo",{"type":12,"text":164},"Selfies, group photos, sunglasses and busy backgrounds hurt the first impression. Use a recent portrait on a plain background — or no photo if the vacancy asks for none.",{"type":15,"text":166},"9. Sending a file that breaks",{"type":12,"text":168},"A Word document can look different on the recruiter's computer, and a phone screenshot is hard to read. Send a PDF with a clear file name: Name_Surname_CV.pdf. Provide Word only when the company asks for it.",{"type":15,"text":170},"10. Exaggerating",{"type":12,"text":172},"Inflated titles, fake language levels and invented skills come out in the interview or during the probation period. Be confident, but honest — show real results instead.",{"type":15,"text":174},"Quick fix",{"type":20,"items":176},[177,178,179],"Read the CV once just for typos and once just for numbers.","Check that every job has dates and at least one measurable result.","Export to PDF and open the file on your phone to see what the recruiter will see.",{"slug":181,"updated":182,"minutes":127,"title":183,"description":184,"body":185},"cv-vs-resume","2026-10-16","CV, resume or obyektivka: which one do you need?","The difference between a CV, a resume and an obyektivka (maʼlumotnoma) in Uzbekistan — and which document to prepare for private companies, state bodies and jobs abroad.",[186,188,190,192,194,196,202,204,210,212,214,221],{"type":12,"text":187},"Job adverts in Uzbekistan ask for a “rezyume”, a “CV” or an “obyektivka”, sometimes all in the same week. They are not three names for one thing: two of them are, and the third is an official form with its own rules. Here is how to tell them apart and what to send where.",{"type":15,"text":189},"Resume and CV: the same document here",{"type":12,"text":191},"In Uzbekistan and across the CIS, “rezyume” and “CV” mean the same thing: a one- or two-page document that presents you to an employer — your contact details, a short summary, work experience, education, skills and languages. In the USA a “resume” is this short version, while an academic “CV” can run to many pages with publications and conferences. For a normal job here, treat the words as synonyms.",{"type":15,"text":193},"What an obyektivka is",{"type":12,"text":195},"An obyektivka is the colloquial name of the “Maʼlumotnoma” — an official personnel form with a fixed layout. It contains facts only, written in a set order, and the HR department files it in your personnel record. It usually includes:",{"type":20,"items":197},[198,199,200,201],"full name, photo 3×4, current position and since when","date and place of birth, nationality, party membership","education, specialty, academic degree, foreign languages and awards","work history from your first job, and a table of close relatives on the second page",{"type":15,"text":203},"Which document to prepare",{"type":20,"items":205},[206,207,208,209],"Private companies, start-ups, IT and international firms — a CV.","State bodies, ministries, hokimiyats, state banks and universities — an obyektivka, often together with a CV.","Jobs abroad — a CV in the format of that country (see our guide on CVs for working abroad).","Academic positions and grants — an academic CV with publications and projects.",{"type":15,"text":211},"Can one replace the other?",{"type":12,"text":213},"No. A CV is written to persuade: achievements, results and skills come first. An obyektivka is written to record: no self-description, no achievements, but every period of your life accounted for, including study and military service. Sending a CV where an obyektivka is required looks careless, and an obyektivka sent to a private company says almost nothing about what you can do.",{"type":31,"title":215,"items":216},"Quick check before you send",[217,218,219,220],"Read the advert again: which document does it name?","For a CV: one or two pages, results in numbers, a clear photo if the employer expects one.","For an obyektivka: every line filled in (write “yoʻq” where there is nothing), one script throughout, the relatives on page two.","Save both as PDF for email, and keep a Word copy for HR departments that want to edit it.",{"type":12,"text":222},"OSON CV makes both: build your CV in the editor, and fill in the official form in the obyektivka generator — free, in Uzbek or Russian, as PDF or Word.",{"slug":224,"updated":182,"minutes":225,"title":226,"description":227,"body":228},"cv-photo",4,"Photo on a CV: when you need one and how to take a good one","Should your CV have a photo? What employers in Uzbekistan and abroad expect, what a good CV photo looks like, common mistakes and how to take one with your phone.",[229,231,233,235,237,245,246,253,255,263],{"type":12,"text":230},"A photo is often the first thing a recruiter sees on your CV. A good one makes you look professional; a bad one can undo a strong CV in a second. Here is when to add a photo and how to get it right.",{"type":15,"text":232},"Do you need a photo on your CV?",{"type":12,"text":234},"In Uzbekistan and the CIS, most employers expect a CV with a photo, and an obyektivka always has one (3×4). In much of Europe, including Germany, a photo is common but optional. In the USA, the UK, Canada and Australia, leave the photo out: employers there avoid photos to prevent discrimination, and some will skip a CV that has one.",{"type":15,"text":236},"What a good CV photo looks like",{"type":20,"items":238},[239,240,241,242,243,244],"Head and shoulders, facing the camera, your face taking up most of the frame.","A plain, light background — a white or light grey wall works well.","The clothes you would wear to an interview in that field.","A natural, calm expression — a light smile is better than a serious stare.","A recent photo: taken within the last two years.","Sharp and well lit: daylight from a window in front of you, no harsh shadows.",{"type":15,"text":116},{"type":20,"items":247},[248,249,250,251,252],"A selfie at arm's length or in a car.","A crop from a group or wedding photo.","Sunglasses, caps or busy patterns.","Beauty filters and heavy editing.","A blurry or tiny picture that turns into pixels when printed.",{"type":15,"text":254},"How to take one with your phone",{"type":31,"title":256,"items":257},"Five steps",[258,259,260,261,262],"Stand facing a window, about a metre in front of a light, plain wall.","Ask someone to hold the phone at your eye level, 1–1.5 metres away; use the main camera, not the front one.","Take ten or more shots and choose the one with relaxed shoulders and open eyes.","Crop to head and shoulders; don't add filters.","Upload it to your CV and check how it looks next to your name.",{"type":12,"text":264},"In OSON CV you upload a photo once, crop it right in the editor, and can switch it off for countries where photos aren't used — everything else stays the same.",{"slug":266,"updated":182,"minutes":75,"title":267,"description":268,"body":269},"cv-for-abroad","CV for working abroad: rules for Germany, the UK, Korea and more","How a CV for jobs abroad differs: language, photo, length and personal details for Germany, the UK and USA, South Korea, Russia and Poland.",[270,272,274,276,278,280,282,284,286,288,290,292,294,296,297,304],{"type":12,"text":271},"A CV that works in Tashkent may be rejected in Berlin or London for details you never thought about: a photo, your date of birth, even the page length. Every country has its own habits. Here are the main ones for the places people from Uzbekistan most often apply to.",{"type":15,"text":273},"Write in the employer's language",{"type":12,"text":275},"Send your CV in the language of the job advert — usually English, German or Russian — and have it checked by someone who speaks it well. Translate your job titles and education so they make sense there, and give your language levels on the CEFR scale (A1–C2) or with your exam score: IELTS, TestDaF, TOPIK.",{"type":15,"text":277},"Germany",{"type":12,"text":279},"The German CV (Lebenslauf) is tabular and strictly chronological, with exact months and years. A professional photo is common, though no longer required. Many employers expect a cover letter (Anschreiben) and copies of your diplomas, and want to see that your qualifications are recognised in Germany. Keep it to two pages and be precise: unexplained gaps get questions.",{"type":15,"text":281},"United Kingdom and USA",{"type":12,"text":283},"Leave out the photo, date of birth, marital status and nationality: employers there avoid them to prevent discrimination. Keep to one page in the USA and two in the UK. Lead with a short profile and achievements in numbers, and write about results, not duties.",{"type":15,"text":285},"South Korea",{"type":12,"text":287},"Through the EPS programme, hiring goes through official channels and their own forms, so follow the instructions of the agency running it. For other jobs, Korean companies often ask you to fill in their own application form, with a photo and exact dates. Always give your TOPIK level if you have one — it is often the first thing they look at.",{"type":15,"text":289},"Russia and Kazakhstan",{"type":12,"text":291},"CVs are written in Russian, in the format of job sites such as hh.ru and hh.kz: desired position and salary, photo, work experience from the most recent job and key skills. Spell company names and cities in Russian, and give your phone number with the country code.",{"type":15,"text":293},"Poland and other EU countries",{"type":12,"text":295},"A clear, two-page CV in English or the local language works almost everywhere; the Europass format is widely accepted. In Poland, employers expect a line at the bottom in which you consent to the processing of your personal data for recruitment — without it, your CV may not be considered.",{"type":15,"text":65},{"type":20,"items":298},[299,300,301,302,303],"The CV is in the language of the advert and has been checked by a fluent speaker.","Photo and personal details follow the country's rules.","Phone number in international format (+998…) and a professional email address.","Language levels on the CEFR scale or with exam scores.","Saved as PDF, with a file name in Latin letters, e.g. Hasan_Yusupov_CV.pdf.",{"type":12,"text":305},"In OSON CV you can duplicate your CV, switch the copy's headings and dates to English or Russian, translate the text, and turn the photo off for countries that don't use it — your original stays untouched.",1792169208461]